Varikosel hakkında bilgiler

After varicocele surgery, patients should be monitored regularly. Sperm tests should be performed for 1 year after varicocele surgery or every 3 months until pregnancy is achieved. Depending on the total motile sperm count, assisted reproductive techniques such as intrauterine insemination (IUI) or in vitro fertilization (IVF) / intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) should be used in couples whose varicocele problem has been eliminated but infertility continues. Couples face infertility problem with a probability of about 20% in a period of their marriage. In this case, the problem is completely male with 20% probability, and it can be determined that there is a problem in both men and women with 40% probability. As a result, the effect of the male factor on the infertility problem of couples can reach up to 60%. The causes of male infertility can usually be revealed by sperm analysis and examination; In some cases, further investigations are required. Infertility does not have a clear distinction like black and white, and is usually seen in gray tones; that is, the person is mostly not completely sterile and the probability of having a child is partially reduced. In this case, the aim is to optimize the person and ensure that the couple has a child as a result of the treatments. It is a very common mistake to start infertility treatment for women without examining the man by a Urologist-Andrologist and evaluating the spermiogram performed in a specialist laboratory. It should not be forgotten that male infertility may be a symptom of an underlying and life-threatening serious disease.

The testicles are formed at the same level as the kidneys during development in the mother's womb and move down over time. During this movement, they pass out of the abdomen by passing through the inguinal canal and generally settle in the bag before birth. During this migration, the testicles carry their veins with them; therefore, the main vein of the left testis is poured directly into the vein of the left kidney. Varicose veins are common because there are no muscles around these veins, which form an upright column when we stand, like the veins in the legs and pump them by compressing them. The valves that form the check-valve mechanism in the veins, called veins, become insufficient with the enlargement of the vein diameter and cannot prevent reverse flow. In this case, in situations that increase intra-abdominal pressure such as taking a deep breath or lifting a weight, blood flows back to the testis, increasing the pressure at the testicular outlet, slowing the blood flow in the testis and affecting its functions.

The diagnosis of varicocele should be made by hand examination. I do not perform surgery in cases where it is said that there is varicocele only with Doppler ultrasound, which I did not detect in my hand examination; Surgery is not beneficial in these patients. The examination is carried out standing up and in a non-cold environment. Grade 3 varicocele is diagnosed if the varicose veins can be seen with the eye, Grade 2 varicocele if the veins are found to be convoluted on hand examination or become convoluted with straining, Grade 1 varicocele is diagnosed if it is felt that the vein is filled from top to bottom, albeit a little late, only by straining. The negative effect of varicocele does not always show parallelism with its degree. Varicocele shows its effects by increasing over the years, even if it is the first child, it may not be the second child. Varicocele begins in adolescence, does not constitute an emergency, surgery is recommended within a few months if necessary.

Varicocele does not directly cause erectile dysfunction in men, but over time, varicocele can affect the testicles and reduce the male hormone testosterone to some extent. Decreased testosterone amounts due to varicocele can also be seen together with decreased sexual desire and decreased sexual performance. Varicocele is present in 15-20% of all men and 40% of those with infertility problems. As a result of varicocele, a- number, b- motility c- morphology (structure) d- vitality parameters may be impaired in sperm; d- DNA Fragmentation Index (DFI) may increase. As a result of the increase in DFI (increase in the rate of fragmentation in sperm DNA), the capacity of the sperm to fertilize the egg decreases and the probability of early miscarriage increases even if fertilization occurs. In addition, patients with varicocele may experience pain and decrease in testosterone, which is the male hormone, over time. For these reasons, the first treatment to be applied in a man with varicocele is microsurgical varicocele surgery; these couples should not be directed to assisted reproductive techniques such as ICSI (in vitro fertilization) before varicocele surgery.

The used dirty blood is removed from the testis by 3 ways.

The main road, which we call the branches of the Internal Spermatic vein, enters the inguinal canal, gradually the branches merge, exiting the inguinal canal and rising over the posterior abdominal membrane, pouring into the renal vein on the left and into the main collecting vein called Vena Cava, which goes to the heart, just below the renal vein on the right.

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B- The second path, which we call the External Spermatic vein, does not rise from the inguinal canal to the abdomen, it pours into the veins in the region.

C- Even if the pair of vasal veins, which is the third excretory tract, enters the inguinal canal together with the semen canal called Vaz, it turns down after exiting and ends in a reticulated vein structure in the seminal vesicle and posterior prostate region.

The first two of these three systems may reflect the pressure back and cause varicocele, but the third system, the Vas deferens vein pair, does not create a varicocele problem because it does not create back pressure due to the reticulated structure in which it ends. For this reason, we completely separate and connect all branches of the first two systems in varicocele surgery, but we protect the third system so that the dirty blood can go away.

The purpose of all varicocele surgeries is to perform the above-mentioned procedures and to protect the lymphatic channels and arteries of the testis while doing this. However, in surgeries that do not use microsurgery Lymphatic channels and testicular artery can be connected unintentionally because they cannot be seen b- One or more of the internal spermatic vein branches can be bypassed easily. For this reason, in non-microsurgical varicocele surgeries; The probability of varicocele recurrence can be up to 40%; In this case, the operation is unsuccessful and microsurgical correction surgery is performed. The accumulation of water around the testis, called hydrocele, can be seen in up to 20% and may require additional surgery. As a result of the ligation of the testicular artery, there is a possibility of loss of the organ in 5% of the operations. Considering all these complications, varicocele surgery should be microsurgery. Microsurgical varicocele surgery is not a simple operation; The probability of varicocele recurrence is less than 1%. The incidence of hydrocele is 0% because the lymph channels are preserved. The risk of ligation is 0% since the arteries are protected by being visible.